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使用GROUP_CONCAT语法
语法:
GROUP_CONCAT([DISTINCT] expr [,expr ...][ORDER BY {unsigned_integer | col_name | expr}[ASC | DESC] [,col_name ...]][SEPARATOR str_val])
下面演示一下这个函数,先建立一个学生选课表student_courses,并填充一些测试数据。
SQL代码
Java代码
CREATE TABLE student_courses (
student_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
courses_id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
KEY(student_id)
);
INSERT INTO student_courses VALUES (1 , 1 ), ( 1 , 2 ), ( 2 , 3 ), ( 2 , 4 ), ( 2 , 5 );
若要查找学生ID为2所选的课程,则使用下面这条SQL:
Java代码
mysql> SELECT student_id, courses_id FROM student_courses WHERE student_id= 2 ;
+------------+------------+
| student_id | courses_id |
+------------+------------+
| 2 | 3 |
| 2 | 4 |
| 2 | 5 |
+------------+------------+
3 rows IN SET ( 0.00 sec)
输出结果有3条记录,说明学生ID为2的学生选了3、4、5这3门课程。
放在PHP里,必须用一个循环才能取到这3条记录,如下所示:
PHP代码
Java代码
foreach ($pdo->query( "SELECT student_id, courses_id FROM student_courses WHERE student_id=2" ) as $row) {
$result[] = $row['courses_id' ];
}
而如果采用GROUP_CONCAT()函数和GROUP BY语句就显得非常简单了,如下所示:
SQL代码
Java代码
mysql> SELECT student_id, GROUP_CONCAT(courses_id) AS courses FROM student_courses WHERE student_id= 2 GROUP BY student_id;
+------------+---------+
| student_id | courses |
+------------+---------+
| 2 | 3 , 4 , 5 |
+------------+---------+
1 row IN SET ( 0.00 sec)
这样php里处理就简单了:
PHP代码
Java代码
$row = $pdo->query( "SELECT student_id, GROUP_CONCAT(courses_id) AS courses FROM student_courses WHERE student_id=2 GROUP BY student_id" );
$result = explode(',' , $row[ 'courses' ]);
分隔符还可以自定义,默认是以“,”作为分隔符,若要改为“|||”,则使用SEPARATOR来指定,例如:
SQL代码
Java代码
SELECT student_id, GROUP_CONCAT(courses_id SEPARATOR '|||' ) AS courses FROM student_courses WHERE student_id= 2 GROUP BY student_id;
除此之外,还可以对这个组的值来进行排序再连接成字符串,例如按courses_id降序来排:
SQL代码
Java代码
SELECT student_id, GROUP_CONCAT(courses_id ORDER BY courses_id DESC) AS courses FROM student_courses WHERE student_id= 2 GROUP BY student_id;
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